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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1089-1094, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514362

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The mandibular first molar (MFM) commonly presents two roots with two canals in the mesial root and one or two canals in the distal root. However, morphological variations have been described in different populations, which must be considered when planning endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the internal and external morphology of the MFM in a Chilean sub-population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. An in vivo cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study was conducted using CBCT exams from 351 right and left MFM. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using the Chi- Square test for categorical variables, Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test for two independent samples, and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for related samples. Of the total sample, 1 root was observed in 2.27 % of the cases, 2 roots in 93.73 %, and 3 roots in 4 %. In relation to the number of canals, 71.23 % of the MFM showed 3 root canals, 16.81 % 4 canals, 9.69 % 2 canals, and 2.28 % 1 canal. Of all the studied cases, 2.3 % had a C-shaped anatomy. In terms of morphology, using Zhang's classification, variant 3 was observed in 71.23 %, variant 4 in 12.82 %, variant 1 in 9.67 %, variant 6 in 4 %, and variant 8 in 2.28 %. In conclusion, the morphology of the MFM is variable in a Chilean sub-population, and these variations must be considered before and during endodontic therapy. CBCT proved to be an effective tool for the in vivo study of tooth morphology.


El primer molar mandibular (MFM) comúnmente presenta dos raíces con dos canales en la raíz mesial y uno o dos canales en la raíz distal. Sin embargo, se han descrito variaciones morfológicas en distintas poblaciones, las que se deben tener en consideración al momento de planificar el tratamiento endodóntico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la morfología interna y externa del MFM en una sub población chilena mediante el uso de imágenes de tomografía computarizada Cone Beam (CBCT). Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y observacional in vivo empleando exámenes CBCT de 351 MFM tanto derechos como izquierdos. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva empleando la prueba Chi-Cuadrado para variables categóricas, el test exacto de Fisher, la prueba no paramétrica de U-Mann-Whitney para dos muestras independientes y la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas. Del total de la muestra se observó 1 raíz en un 2.27 % de los casos, 2 raíces en 93.73 % y 3 raíces en un 4 %. En relación al número de canales un 71.23 % de los MFM mostraron 3 canales radiculares, un 16.81 % 4 canales, un 9.69 % 2 canales y un 2.28 % 1 canal. Del total de los casos estudiados un 2.3 % se presentó anatomía en forma de C. En relación a la morfología, empleando la clasificación de Zhang, se observó en un 71.23 % la variante tipo 3, en un 12.82 % la variante tipo 4, en un 9.67 % la variante tipo 1, en un 4 % variante tipo 6 y en un 2,28 % variante tipo 8. En conclusión, la morfología del MFM es variable en una subpoblación chilena y estas variaciones deben ser consideradas antes y durante la terapia endodóntica. El CBCT demostró ser una herramienta eficaz para el estudio in vivo de la morfología dentaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Endodontics , Molar/anatomy & histology
2.
Chinese Journal of Stomatology ; (12): 92-97, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970761

ABSTRACT

It is a basic prerequisite for the successful completion of endodontic treatment to thoroughly understand the root canal space anatomy. With the development of dental devices in dentistry, the root canal morphology of the mandibular first premolars can be presented in more detail. Before conducting root canal therapy on the mandibular first premolar with complex root canal morphology, it should be necessary to evaluate the potential difficulties and risks for making an appropriate treatment plan. The present paper reviews the research progress on the diversities of root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars in recent years, and then makes technologic recommendations based on the morphology diversities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid/anatomy & histology , Mandible , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Root Canal Therapy
3.
Rev. ADM ; 79(6): 312-317, nov.-dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1434301

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analizar, mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TC o CBCT [Cone Beam Computed Tomograph]) la frecuencia del tipo de morfología interna de los conductos radi- culares según la clasificación de Vertucci y el número de raíces de los primeros premolares superiores. Material y métodos: en una población argentina de 50 pacientes, 30 de sexo femenino y 20 masculino, que concurrieron a la Cátedra de Diagnóstico por Imá- genes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, se evaluaron 100 primeros premolares superiores con CBCT. Se estudiaron las variables: número de raíces, tipo de morfología interna, edad, sexo y lado. Fueron seleccionadas las tomografías de maxilar superior que incluyeron ambos primeros premolares en salud dental, periodontal y con ápice cerrado. Se realizó una adquisición volumétrica 100 × 90 mm y tamaño de vóxel de 150 µm. Se realizó la exploración de las imágenes en el plano axial de los tercios apical, medio y cervical de las piezas 1.4 y 2.4. Se utilizó un corte axial, observando en él, el tercio apical, medio y cervical de las piezas 1.4 y 2.4. Cada premolar fue analizado con 30 cortes transversales. Se utilizó la clasificación de Vertucci para agrupar las distintas variables anatómicas de los conductos radiculares de los primeros premolares superiores, la cual consta de VIII tipolo- gías. Resultados: el tipo más representativo entre los 100 primeros premolares superiores, dentro de la clasificación de Vertucci, fue el tipo IV (dos conductos separados desde la cámara al ápice). La coincidencia de tipos entre los lados derecho (78%; IC 95%: 65 a 87%) e izquierdo (70%; IC 95%: 56 a 81%) fue significativa. La distribución según el número de raíces en el lado derecho (χ 2 = 2.88) e izquierdo (χ2 = 0.72) no presentó una heterogeneidad significativa. La coincidencia del número de raíces entre los lados derecho e izquierdo fue significativa. Conclusión: se comprobó el tipo de morfología interna más frecuente, el número de raíces y su variabilidad de acuerdo al lado, sexo, y edad; lo cual es de una relevante importancia para realizar una correcta instrumentación y obturación del sistema de conductos radiculares (AU)


Objective: to analyze, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the frequency of the type of internal morphology of the root canals according to the Vertucci classification and the number of roots of the first upper premolars. Material and methods: 100 first upper premolars were evaluated with CBCT, which corresponded to 30 female and 20 male patients in the Chair of Diagnostic Imaging of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires. Variables were studied: number of roots, type of internal morphology, age, sex and side. The tomography of the upper jaw with both first premolars in dental, periodontal and closed apex health, a 100 × 90 mm volumetric acquisition and a voxel size of 150 µm were selected. An axial cut was used, observing the apical, middle and cervical third of pieces 1.4 and 2.4. Each premolar was analyzed with 30 paraxial cuts. The Vertucci classification was used to group the different anatomical variables of the root canals of the first upper premolars which consists of VIII typologies. Results: the most representative type among the top 100 upper premolars within the Vertucci classification was type IV (two separate ducts from the chamber to the apex). The type coincidence between the right (78%; 95% CI: 65 to 87%) and left (70%; 95% CI: 56 to 81%) los primeros premolares superiores, la cual consta de VIII tipolo gías. Resultados: el tipo más representativo entre los 100 primeros premolares superiores, dentro de la clasificación de Vertucci, fue el tipo IV (dos conductos separados desde la cámara al ápice). La coincidencia de tipos entre los lados derecho (78%; IC 95%: 65 a 87%) e izquierdo (70%; IC 95%: 56 a 81%) fue significativa. La distribución según el número de raíces en el lado derecho (χ 2 = 2.88) e izquierdo (χ2 = 0.72) no presentó una heterogeneidad significativa. La coincidencia del número de raíces entre los lados derecho e izquierdo fue significativa. Conclusión: se comprobó el tipo de morfología interna más frecuente, el número de raíces y su variabilidad de acuerdo al lado, sexo, y edad; lo cual es de una relevante importancia para realizar una correcta instrumentación y obturación del sistema de conductos radiculares (AU))


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bicuspid/anatomy & histology , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Argentina , Schools, Dental , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Age and Sex Distribution
4.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 110(1): 31-36, abr. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1382333

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir los aspectos clínicos, radiográfi- cos e histológicos del retratamiento realizado en un segundo molar superior en el que se había producido previamente una perforación radicular durante el tratamiento original. Caso clínico: Un paciente masculino de 50 años con- currió a la consulta para realizar un retratamiento endodóntico en un segundo molar superior derecho. El examen radiográfi- co reveló la presencia de un tratamiento incompleto, un área radiolúcida periapical y una perforación radicular producida por un poste roscado insertado fuera del espacio del conducto mesio vestibular. Una vez retirado el poste, se selló la perfo- ración con Biodentine y se realizó el retratamiento. Luego de dos años, el paciente regresó a la consulta con dolor a la mas- ticación, localizado en el área correspondiente al segundo mo- lar superior derecho previamente tratado. Durante el examen clínico y radiográfico se detectó la presencia de una fractura vertical en la raíz palatina. A causa del severo compromiso radicular el molar fue extraído y derivado para su análisis his- tológico. El informe del laboratorio reveló que la perforación había sido reparada por medio de la aposición de un nuevo tejido calcificado y que el remanente periodontal adherido a la raíz se encontraba dentro de los límites normales. El presente caso clínico resalta la importancia que tiene el conocimiento cabal de la anatomía del sistema de conductos radiculares con el objeto de evitar errores de procedimiento que puedan influir negativamente en el pronóstico del tratamiento (AU)


Aim: To describe the clinical, radiographic and histo- logical aspects of the retreatment of a second upper molar in which root perforation had occurred during the original treatment. Clinical case: A 50-year old male was referred for endo- dontic retreatment of the right second maxillary molar. Radi- ographic examination revealed the presence of an incomplete root canal treatment, a radiolucent periapical area and a root perforation produced by a threaded post placed outside of the mesiobuccal root canal. After post removal, the root perfo- ration was sealed with Biodentine and the root canals were retreated. Two years later, the patient returned to the office com- plaining of severe pain during mastication, in the area of the previously retreated right second maxillary molar. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the presence of a ver- tical fracture on the palatal root. Since this kind of root dam- age non-restorable, the tooth was extracted and submitted to histologic analysis. The laboratory report revealed that the perforation site had healed by the apposition of new calci- fied tissue, and that the remnants of periodontal tissue which persisted attached to the root were within normal limits. This clinical case highlights the importance of thorough knowl- edge of the anatomy of the root canal system in order to avoid procedural errors which may compromise the prognosis of the treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects , Tooth Root/injuries , Retreatment , Root Canal Filling Materials , Tooth Fractures/complications , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Wound Healing/physiology , Post and Core Technique/adverse effects , Medical Errors , Dental Restoration Failure , Molar/surgery
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(2): 414-419, 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385606

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The aim of this of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and morphology of radix entomolaris (RE) in the mandibular first molar (MFM) in a southern Chilean sub-population by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Two hundred ten CBCT images of MFM were analysed. To detect the presence of RE, the observation and measurements were standardised, advancing 1 mm to apical from the floor of the pulp chamber to the most apical zone of the tooth. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with a value of P < 0.05 being statistically significant. The prevalence of a third root in the permanent MFM was 5.7 % (12/210). The incidence of RE was the same in male patients (2.9 %) as in female patients (2.9 %) (p=0.324). The occurrence of an RE in the left MFM was 7.3 % (3/41 patients) for male patients and 4.5 % (3/66) for female patients (p=0.398). The right MFM in male patients had an incidence of 8.1 % (3/37) and 4.5 % (3/66) for female patients (p=0.340). When the presence of an RE was compared between the left (5.6 %) and right side (5.8 %), no statistically significant differences were found (p=0.998). The frequency of bilateral three-rooted MFM was 71.43 % (5/7) and 28.57 % (2/7) were unilateral. The prevalence of RE in MFM in a southern Chilean sub-population was 5.7 %. The occurrence was bilateral in the majority of cases and no significant differences were observed by sex or side. The commonest type of RE was Type 1 (83.3 %). The use of CBCT can improve the endodontic treatment outcome.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia y morfología de radix entomolaris (RE) en el primer mo- lar mandibular (MFM) en una subpoblación del sur de Chile mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT). Se analizaron doscientas diez imágenes CBCT de MFM. Para detectar la presencia de OD se estandarizó la observación y las medidas, avanzando 1 mm apical desde el suelo de la cámara pulpar hasta la zona más apical del diente. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, siendo estadísticamente significativo un valor de P < 0,05. La prevalencia de una tercera raíz en el MFM permanente fue de 5,7 % (12/210). La incidencia de ER fue la misma en pacientes masculinos (2,9 %) que en pacientes femeninas (2,9 %) (p=0,324). La aparición de un ER en el MFM izquier- do fue del 7,3 % (3/41 pacientes) para los pacientes masculinos y del 4,5 % (3/66) para las pacientes femeninas (p=0,398). El MFM derecho en pacientes masculinos tuvo una incidencia de 8,1 % (3/ 37) y 4,5 % (3/66) para pacientes femeninos (p=0,340). Cuando se comparó la presencia de un OD entre el lado izquierdo (5,6 %) y derecho (5,8 %), no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,998). La frecuencia de MFM de tres raíces bilaterales fue 71,43 % (5/7) y 28,57 % (2/7) fueron unilaterales. La prevalencia de RE en MFM en una subpoblación del sur de Chile fue de 5,7 %. La presentación fue bilateral en la mayoría de los casos y no se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo o lado. El tipo de ER más frecuente fue el tipo 1 (83,3 %). El uso de CBCT puede mejorar el resultado del tratamiento endodóntico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Chile , Prevalence , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Mandible , Molar/anatomy & histology
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(2): 463-468, abr. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385367

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The aim of the study was to determine the number and anatomical configuration of roots and root canals of maxillary first and second premolars using cone-beam computed tomography scans. n273 CBCT scans were evaluated, obtaining a sample of 592 maxillary premolars. Root number and root canal anatomy were categorized using Ahmed´s classification. Data was analyzed using Pearson's Chi-squared test. Two roots were present on 157 first premolars, one root in 132 premolars and three roots in 17. Second premolars presented one root in 266 samples and two roots in 20; no second premolars presented three roots. Eight different configurations were found; the most frequent was 2MP B1 P1 in first premolars (51,3 %) and 1MP1 (63.6 %) in second premolars. The most frequent morphology found in maxillary premolars in Chilean population was two and three roots. The analysis of internal anatomy using CBCT revealed a highly variable distribution of root canals, generally of low to medium complexity, similar to what is found in other ethnic groups.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el número y la configuración de raíces y canales radiculares de primeros y segundos premolares maxilares utilizado tomografía computacional de haz cónico. 273 TCHC fueron evaluados, obtenido una muestra de 592 premolares maxilares. El número de raíces y la anatomía de los canales radiculares fueron categorizados utilizando la clasificación de Ahmed. Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba Chi- Cuadrado de Pearson. Dos raíces fueron observadas en 157 primeros presentaron una raíz en 266 muestras y dos raíces en 20; no se encontraron tres raíces en segundos premolares. Ocho diferentes configuraciones fueron encontradas; siendo la más frecuente 2MP B1 P1 en primeros premolares (51,3 %) y 1MP1 (63,6 %) en segundos premolares. La morfología radicular más frecuentemente encontrada en premolares de población Chilena fue de dos y tres raíces. El análisis de la anatomía interna usando TCHC mostró una gran variabilidad de en la distribución de los canales radiculares. Generalmente de mediana y baja complejidad como los encontrados en otros grupos etnicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Bicuspid/anatomy & histology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Maxilla/anatomy & histology
7.
J. appl. oral sci ; 28: e20190168, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1090767

ABSTRACT

Abstract Isthmuses are reported as common anatomic complexities in teeth often associated with failures in endodontic treatment. They should be considered before starting treatment and a preoperative computed tomography scan (CT) may demonstrate these complexities. Objective To assess the diagnostic value of the highest resolution settings of a cone-beam CT (CBCT) system in identifying and measuring apical isthmuses, using micro-CT as reference. Methodology After micro-CT scanning, 40 humans' lower first molars with isthmuses in the apical-3 mm of mesial roots were scanned by the highest resolution settings of the New Generation i-Cat ® CBCT equipment. Two blinded observers recorded the detection of isthmuses in CBCT scans. The lengths of isthmuses were compared between micro-CT and CBCT to assess the diagnostic value of CBCT. Quantitative data for sensitivity were represented as percentages (95% confidence interval). The Bland-Altman method was used to assess differences between gold standard lengths (micro-CT) and CBCT lengths. Results BCT demonstrated 30 positive findings, representing sensitivity for isthmus identification of 75% (95% CI=0.4114-1.1364). Differences between the lengths in micro-CT (1.99±0.40 mm) and CBCT (1.53±0.41 mm) were significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion The CBCT device used presented limited diagnostic value in the identification and measurement of apical isthmuses in the mesial roots of lower molars. In some cases, the actual anatomy of the apical root canal may not be completely delineated in this type of CBCT system, even using the highest resolution settings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Apex/anatomy & histology , Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Organ Size , Reference Values , Root Canal Therapy/methods , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Sensitivity and Specificity , Molar/anatomy & histology , Molar/diagnostic imaging
8.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. (B.Aires) ; 34(77): 29-34, 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1104041

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia con que las raíces de premolares y molares superiores se encuentran dentro del seno maxilar. Conocer la relación entre dichas estructuras es importante para planificar los procedimientos endodónticos y quirúrgicos a ser realizados en esa región. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó el análisis cualitativo dinámico de 82 tomografías computadas de haz cónico (CBCT) unilaterales, analizándose 738 raíces correspondientes a premolares y molares de una sola hemiarcada superior. Se utilizó sala con iluminación controlada y la observación fue realizada por un solo examinador. El criterio de inclusión requería que la cortical inferior del seno maxilar debía ser visible para poder establecer la relación. Se utilizaron los tres planos tomográficos de visualización, permitiendo ajustes de brillo y contraste. La escala de clasificación de cada raíz consideró su relación como: dentro o fuera del seno maxilar. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y Test Exacto de Fisher. Resultados: el primer premolar superior mostró una proyección hacia el interior del seno maxilar significativamente menor que las otras piezas dentarias posteriores (p>0.05), observándose su raíz vestibular sin proyección. La raíz palatina del primer premolar superior mostró la mayor incidencia dentro del seno maxilar, con un 39,02% del total de las raíces analizadas (p<0,05). El segundo molar superior mostró considerable proximidad con el seno maxilar, pero con menor incidencia con relación a la raíz palatina del primer molar. Conclusión: los procedimientos endodónticos o quirúrgicos a realizarse en cercanía al seno maxilar deben considerar siempre la relación raíz/seno, para evitar maniobras que lo invadan. La raíz palatina del primer molar superior mostró la mayor incidencia dentro del seno maxilar, con un 39,02% (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Molar , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Chi-Square Distribution , Retrospective Studies , Observational Study , Maxillary Sinus/anatomy & histology
9.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. (B.Aires) ; 34(76): 17-23, 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102448

ABSTRACT

Una de las variaciones anatómicas que pueden presentar los molares inferiores es una tercera raíz que ha sido denominada radix entomolaris o paramolaris dependiendo de su localización, ya sea lingual o vestibular respectivamente. Conocer las variaciones morfológicas de las piezas dentarias es un requisito fundamental para el éxito del tratamiento endodóntico. El objetivo de este artículo es la presentación de un caso clínico de una paciente con ambos primeros molares inferiores con presencia de radix entomolaris; en la pieza dentaria 4.6 se realizó tratamiento endodóntico y en 3.6 con una lesión endoperiodontal combinada verdadera se decidió su exodoncia (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Molar/anatomy & histology , Root Canal Therapy , Tooth Extraction , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Radiography, Panoramic , Race Factors , Mandible
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(4): 1229-1234, Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-975688

ABSTRACT

El conocimiento preciso de la morfología radicular dental son claves para el éxito en las terapias endodónticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las distintas variaciones de la morfología radicular y apical en primeros molares superiores e inferiores de una población maya moderna. Se observaron microfotografías provenientes de 80 primeros molares superiores e inferiores, presentadas en cortes transversales a 1 y 2,5 mm del vértice apical, así como de las porciones 1/3, 1⁄2, 2/3 del largo radicular y en la unión amelocementaria. Se determinó el número de raíces, conductos y configuración de Vertucci, así como forma y medidas de diámetro mayor y menor a 1 mm del vértice apical. El 90 % de primeros molares superiores reportó la presencia de 3 raíces y el 10 % mostró 2. En tanto que el total de primeros molares inferiores (100 %) reportó 2 raíces. En general, en las raíces mesiales prevaleció el Tipo II de Vertucci mientras que en las distales y palatinas la Tipo I. En el corte a 1 mm del vértice apical la forma redonda fue la de mayor prevalencia en los conductos de primeros molares superiores (44,5 %), seguida de la irregular (34,1 %) y la oval (21,4 %); mientras que en los primeros molares inferiores la más prevalente fue la irregular (54, 5 %), seguida de la redonda (23,9 %) y oval (21,6 %). Los diámetros mayor y menor de los conductos mesiales a 1 mm apical midieron 0,46 y 0,23 mm y 0,64 y 0,25 mm en molares superiores e inferiores respectivamente. La frecuencia de MB2 en primeros molares superiores fue del 77,8 %. Los conductos con mayor variabilidad fueron los mesiales. Se observó baja frecuencia de conductos ovales. Los diámetros mayores de los conductos mesiales en general, fueron superiores a 0,45 mm.


Accurate knowledge of dental root morphology is a key to success in endodontic therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different variations of the root and apical morphology in upper and lower first molars of a modern Mayan population. Photomicrographs were taken from 80 upper and lower first molars, presented in cross sections at 1 and 2.5 mm from the apical vertex, as well as from the 1/3, 1⁄2, 2/3 portions of the root length and at the cementoenamel junction. The number of roots, canal and Vertucci`s configuration was determined, as well as the shape and measurements of the major and minor diameters at 1 mm from the apex. In this study 90 % of upper first molars reported the presence of 3 roots and 10 % showed 2, while the total lower first molars (100 %) reported 2 roots. In general, Vertucci`s Type II prevailed in the mesial roots while Type I was prevalent in the distal and palatal ones. In the 1 mm cut of the apical vertex, the round shape was the most prevalent in the canal of the first upper molars (44.5 %), followed by irregular (34.1 %) and oval (21.4 %); while in the first lower molars the most prevalent one was irregular (54.5 %), followed by round (23.9 %) and oval (21.6 %). The major and minor diameters of the mesial canals at 1 mm apical recorded 0.46 and 0.23 mm and 0.64 and 0.25 mm in upper and lower molars respectively. The frequency of MB2 in upper first molars was 77.8 %. The canals with greater variability were the mesial ones. Low frequency of oval canals was observed. The largest diameters of the mesial canal in general were greater than 0.45 mm.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Indians, North American , Molar/anatomy & histology , Tooth Apex/anatomy & histology
11.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(4): 1394-1397, Dec. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-975714

ABSTRACT

El conocimiento de las relaciones anatómicas entre el piso del seno maxilar y los ápices de dientes maxilares posteriores, es muy importante al planificar una terapia endodóntica o cirugías en molares maxilares. Este estudio tiene por objetivo, establecer la distancia existente entre el ápice de la raíz palatina del primer molar superior y el piso del seno maxilar, obtenida de una muestra de 61 tomografías volumétricas Cone beam. Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal, donde se procedió a medir la distancia entre el ápice de la raíz palatina del primer molar superior y el piso del seno maxilar en 61 tomografías volumétricas Cone Beam, obteniendo medidas de un total de 107 raíces palatinas de molares maxilares. Las imágenes fueron almacenadas en formato DICOM y analizadas con el software Sky View Dental Plan en un computador HP Compaq LA1951g Z600 y en su análisis estadístico se utilizó el Programa Stata 11.0. El promedio de distancia registrado entre el ápice de la raíz palatina del primer molar superior y el piso del seno maxilar fue de 1,2 mm. La mayor distancia fue de 12,5 mm y la menor de 0 mm. La medida de 0 mm se presentó en 48 casos y alcanzó al 44,9 % de la muestra. Es frecuente que los ápices radiculares se encuentren dentro del seno maxilar, condición que debe ser de conocimiento clínico, con el objetivo de prevenir al máximo accidentes y complicaciones en las terapias endodónticas.


The knowledge of the anatomical relationships between the floor of the maxillary sinus and the apices of the posterior maxillary teeth is very important when planning an endodontic therapy or surgeries in the area. The objective of this study is to establish the distance between the apex of the palatal root of the first maxillary molar and the floor of the maxillary sinus, in a sample of 61 cone-beam computed tomography. A crosssectional observational study was carried out. We proceeded to measure the distance between the apex of the palatal root of the first upper molar and the floor of the maxillary sinus in 61 conebeam computed tomography, obtaining measurements of a total of 107 first maxillary molar palatal roots. The images were stored in DICOM format and analyzed with the Sky View software and the Stata 11.0. for statistical analysis. The average distance recorded between the apex of the palatal root of the first upper molar and the floor of the maxillary sinus was 1.2 mm. The greatest distance was 12.5 mm and the smallest was 0 mm. The measurement of 0 mm was presented in 48 cases and reached 44.9 % of the sample. It is common for radicular apices to be located within the maxillary sinus. The clinician must know this condition to prevent accidents and complications in the endodontic therapies as much as possible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors , Maxillary Sinus/anatomy & histology , Molar/anatomy & histology
12.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 7(8): 356-362, nov. 30, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1121069

ABSTRACT

Objectives: to establish the frequency of the various types of direct contacts of the root apices with the wall of the mandibular canal and to determine gender differences in number of such contacts in a selected belarusian population using cone beam computed tomography. methodology: one hundred and two cone beam computed tomography scans were analyzed to classify the types of contact and three-dimensional relationship between the mandibular teeth and the mandibular canal. results: the direct contact between the teeth and the mandibular canal was observed in 63.7 percent of patients. overall 300 roots of 189 teeth were in direct contact with the mandibular canal: 9.3 percent were second premolars, 14.7 percent were first molars, 33.8 percent were second molars and 50.0 percent were third molars. there were no statistically significant differences in the number of teeth with direct contact with the mandibular canal between males and females. conclusion: the direct contact of the root apices with the mandibular canal was most often found in the second and third molars. the root apices of the third molars had the greatest variability of location relatively to the mandibular canal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Bicuspid/anatomy & histology , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Molar/anatomy & histology , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging , Sex Factors , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Molar/diagnostic imaging
13.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 12(3): 211-218, Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-975735

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La creencia de que el tratamiento de endodoncia es el tratamiento dental más doloroso es algo habitual. A pesar de ello, la percepción intraoperatoria durante el tratamiento de endodoncia ha sido poco estudiada. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la percepción de dolor y la experiencia intraoperatoria del paciente tratado en endodoncia, durante la etapa de acceso endodóntico. Se analizaron las valoraciones sobre dolor intraoperatorio realizadas por 20 pacientes, tratados en la clínica de especialidad de una universidad tradicional chilena, durante la etapa de acceso endodóntico en molares. Para ello se utilizaron escalas cuantitativas de valoración de la intensidad del dolor y el análisis de contenido cualitativo de una entrevista semi-estructurada. Se observó que los participantes de sexo femenino, los tratamientos en molares mandibulares y en dientes con diagnóstico de pulpitis irreversible sintomática obtuvieron medias mayores en cuanto a la valoración de la intensidad del dolor. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos el dolor fue descrito como leve. En el análisis cualitativo lo descrito por los participantes se agrupó en 10 categorías. Se observó un mayor porcentaje de referencias a la categoría "Ansiedad ante el tratamiento" (16 %) seguido de "Percepción de la atención profesional" (14 %). Sin embargo, también destacaron las referencias al dolor en su totalidad (25 %) ya sea a "Ausencia de dolor" (13 %) o a "Presencia de dolor en algún grado" (12 %). Se concluyó que entre los participantes de esta investigación existió percepción de dolor intraoperatorio durante la etapa de acceso endodóntico, sin embargo, este fue de carácter leve en la mayoría de los casos.


ABSTRACT: There is a common belief that endodontic treatment is the most painful dental treatment of all. Despite this idea, intraoperative perception during endodontic treatment has not been fully studied. Therefore, the aim of this research was to describe the perception of pain and the intraoperative experience of endodontic treated patients, during the endodontic access cavity preparation. We analyzed the valuations on intraoperative pain completed by 20 patients, treated at the endodontic clinic of a traditional Chilean university, during the endodontic access cavity preparation in molars. For this purpose, quantitative scales of pain intensity assessment and qualitative content analysis of a semi-structured interview were employed. Female participants, treatments in mandibular molars and in teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis obtained higher means in terms of assessment of pain intensity. However, in most cases the pain was described as mild. In the qualitative analysis the participant's descriptions were grouped into 11 categories. There was a higher percentage of references to the category "Anxiety before treatment" (16 %) followed by "Perception of professional care" (14 %). However, references to pain in its totality (25 %) either to "Absence of pain" (13 %) or to "Presence of pain to some degree" (12 %) also stood out. It was concluded that among the participants of this investigation there was perception of intraoperative pain during the endodontic access stage, however, this was mild in most cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Pain , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Surveys and Questionnaires , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Dental Instruments , Pain Perception , Informed Consent
14.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. (B.Aires) ; 33(74): 5-9, ene.-jun. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-969462

ABSTRACT

El correcto manejo de la configuración del sistema de conductos radiculares en forma de C es un reto en la práctica endodóntica. La complejidad de este tipo de conductos hace que su diagnóstico, instrumentación y sobretodo su limpieza y obturación sea una tarea ardua en la mayoría de las ocasiones. El sistema de conductos tipo C en molares inferiores fue descripto por primera vez en 1979, por Cooke y Cox. Es una variación anatómica vista principalmente en segundos molares inferiores con una prevalencia de hasta un 31,5% en población asiática, aunque también puede ocurrir en premolares y molares, tanto superiores como inferiores. El rasgo anatómico principal de los conductos en C es la presencia de una aleta o cortina que conecta los conductos radiculares individuales. La cámara pulpar tiene un orificio que describe un arco de 180° o más. Se realiza un reporte de dos casos clínicos de conductos en C en segundo molar superior e inferior (AU)


The right management of the configuration of C-shaped root canal system is a challenge in endodontic practice. The complexity of this type of canals makes its diagnosis, instrumentation and especially its cleaning and obturation an arduous task in most of the occasions. The C-shaped canal system in mandibular molars was first described in 1979 by Cooke and Cox.It is an anatomical variation mainly seen in mandibular second molars with a prevalence of up to 31.5% in Asian population, although it can also occur in premolars and molars, both maxillary and mandibular. The main anatomical feature of the C-shaped canals is the presence of a fin or web connecting the individual root canals. The pulp chamber has an orifice that describes an arc of 180° or more. A report of two clinical cases of C-shaped canals in second maxillary and mandibular molar is presented (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Molar/anatomy & histology , Root Canal Obturation , Root Canal Preparation , Mandible , Maxilla
15.
Braz. dent. j ; 29(3): 239-244, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951551

ABSTRACT

Abstract Most failures in endodontic treatment of mandibular incisors are due to the presence of a missed canal specifically the lingual. This investigation aimed to examine the root morphology and number of canals in mandibular incisors using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Two hundred and seven patients were assessed in terms of their mandibular central and lateral incisors of CBCT. The inclusion criteria were absence of root resorption, coronal restoration or root filling and clarity and optimal resolution of images. According to the Vertucci's classification, number of roots and canals and type of canal were evaluated by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. In order to data analysis SPSS version 16 and descriptive statistics were implemented. All mandibular incisors had one root. Most central (84.5%) and lateral (78.2%) incisors had a single canal (p= 0.065). The majority of central (54.5%) and lateral (56.5%) incisors were Vertucci's type I (p= 0.102). Prevalence of one canal in males: central (84.8%), lateral (77.9%) and in females: central (84.2%), lateral (78.5%) (p= 0.518). Prevalence of Vertucci's type I in males: central (52.3%), lateral (45.3%) and in females: central (56.1%), lateral (64.4%) (p=0.188). The prevalence of two canals was 15.5% (central) and 21.8% (lateral) in mandibular incisors. The Vertucci's type I was the most typical kinds of mandibular incisors. Considering the limitations of periapical radiography in determining canal morphology, CBCT can be helpful in case of any concern regarding root canal morphology.


Resumo A maioria das falhas no tratamento endodôntico dos incisivos mandibulares é devida à presença de um canal perdido, especificamente do lingual. Esta investigação teve como objetivo analisar a morfologia radicular e o número de canais nos incisivos inferiores utilizando a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Duzentos e sete pacientes foram avaliados em termos de seus incisivos centrais e laterais mandibulares de TCFC. Os critérios de inclusão foram ausência de reabsorção radicular, restauração coronária ou preenchimento radicular e clareza e resolução ótima das imagens. De acordo com a classificação de Vertucci, o número de raízes e canais e o tipo de canal foram avaliados por dois radiologistas orais e maxilo-faciais. Para análise dos dados, o SPSS versão 16 e análise estatística descritiva foram implementados. Todos os incisivos inferiores tinham uma raiz. A maioria dos incisivos centrais (84,5%) e laterais (78,2%) apresentava um único canal (valor de P: 0,065). A maioria dos incisivos centrais (54,5%) e laterais (56,5%) eram do tipo I de Vertucci (valor de P: 0,102). Prevalência de um canal no sexo masculino: central (84,8%), lateral (77,9%) e no feminino: central (84,2%), lateral (78,5%) (valor de P: 0,518). Prevalência de Vertucci tipo I em homens: central (52,3%), lateral (45,3%) e feminina: central (56,1%), lateral (64,4%) (valor de P: 0,188). A prevalência de dois canais foi de 15,5% (central) e 21,8% (lateral) nos incisivos inferiores. O tipo I de Vertucci era dos tipos mais comuns de incisivos inferiores. Considerando as limitações da radiografia periapical na determinação da morfologia do canal, a TCFC pode ser útil em caso de qualquer preocupação com relação à morfologia do canal radicular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Dental Pulp Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Incisor/diagnostic imaging , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Case-Control Studies , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Incisor/anatomy & histology , Mandible/anatomy & histology
16.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 18(1): 4181, 15/01/2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-967088

ABSTRACT

Objective: To develop a protocol of improved stabilization of teeth after root apex resection among young people using endodonto-endoossal implants and assessing its effectiveness. Material and Methods: Thirty-six patients were previously selected and divided into Group 1 (without additional stabilization) and Group 2 (with additional stabilization). The efficacy of treatment in both clinical groups was estimated at 90, 180 and 360 days, respectively. The results were evaluated on the Miller scale in the Flesrar modification. Density of bone tissue was expressed in Hounsfield units. Results: The average mobility indices over 90 days indicate a significant lower mobility of teeth in patients in Group 2, where as an advanced method, the RTR with an additional filling of the bone marrow defect with an osteoplastic material was chosen as the method of treatment (+ 18.0 ± 0.21 U.M. 10.0 ± 0.8 µm, p<0.05). In Group 1, 90 and 180 days after surgery, the density of bone tissue in the defect area was 756.3 ± 2.45 HU and 880.1 ± 4.34 HU. In Group 2, these indices were insignificantly higher and amounted to 834.3 ± 4.35 HU and 880.4 ± 2.56 HU. After 360 days after treatment in the first clinical group the bone density index was 957.4 ± 2.45 HU, while in the second group - 1003.3 ± 4.38 HU. Conclusion: The mobility of teeth among patients on 90-th day corresponded to level 1, and on 360-th day corresponded to level 0, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method. The biomechanical stabilization of the teeth was confirmed by the results of densitometry among patients of both groups, in particular, the recovery of bone density in the affected site was observed after 360 days.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Ukraine , Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic , Endodontics , Statistics, Nonparametric , Guidelines as Topic/methods
17.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 7(9): 412-417, ene. 2, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1121157

ABSTRACT

Objective: the aim of this study was to assess apical root resorption (RR) following the application of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) and piezocision (PzC) assisted orthodontics for the acceleration of tooth movement (TM). materials and methods: a total number of 16 patients seeking orthodontic therapy were included in this study. all patients had undergone 1st premolars extraction and were indicated for canine retraction. these patients were divided into two groups; one was treated using MOP in one side while the other side served as control. in the other group PzC was performed in one side with no intervention done on the other side. cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained for every patient before and after canine retraction in order to evaluate amount of RR. results: in the MOP group, there was no significant difference in canine root length between experimental and control sides. whereas, in the PzC group, there was a statistically significant decrease in root length in the experimental side compared with the control side. when comparing both groups, the experimental PzC side showed a statistically significant decrease in root length compared to experimental MOP side postoperatively. conclusion: experimental PzC showed statistically significant decreases in canine root length compared to both experimental MOP and control side after canine retraction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Root Resorption , Tooth Movement Techniques/instrumentation , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Orthodontic Wires , Orthodontics/methods , Tooth Extraction , Comparative Study , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Egypt
18.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(4): 1280-1284, Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893128

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El conocimiento de la complejidad anatómica del sistema radicular de conductos generada por conductos accesorios, deltas apicales e istmos, aumenta la probabilidad de éxito en el tratamiento endodóntico, dado que dichos sitios pueden ser un reservorio de microorganismos y materia orgánica que pueden limitar la acción de los instrumentos, las sustancias irrigantes y los medicamentos intraconducto. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la incidencia y el tipo de istmos presentes en los distintos segmentos de raíces mesio-vestibulares de molares superiores y mesiales de molares inferiores. Se recolectaron setenta y dos primeros molares extraídos, treinta y seis superiores y treinta y seis inferiores a los cuales se les tomó radiografías y se les estudiaron distintas variantes anatómicas como número de conductos, curvatura y configuración radicular; posteriormente se les eliminó la corona y las raíces mesio-vestibulares de superiores y mesiales de inferiores se incluyeron en resina epóxica y con un disco de diamante se hicieron cortes transversales en cada raíz dejando cinco secciones de un mm iniciando desde el extremo apical hasta el cervical, se tiñeron con cristal violeta y se analizó la presencia de istmos y su clasificación bajo microscopio estereoscópico. Los resultados mostraron una alta incidencia de istmos asociada a raices de configuración aplanada. Entre más cerca del ápice, más baja la incidencia de istmo tanto en las raices mesiovestibulares del primer molar superior como en las raices mesiales del primer molar inferior; la más alta incidencia de istmos se dio aproximadamente a siete mm del ápice y la clase de istmo más frecuentemente encontrada fue la clase II en ambos tipos de raíz.


SUMMARY: The profound knowledge of the root canal anatomical complexity generated by accessory canals, apical deltas and isthmuses, increases the likelihood of success in endodontic treatment, given that such sites may be a reservoir of microorganisms and organic matter that may limit the action of instruments, irrigant substances and intracanal medications. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and type of isthmus in the various segments of mesio-buccal roots of first upper molars and mesial root of first lower molars. Seventy-two extracted first molars, thirty-six upper and thirty-six lower were radiographed and different anatomic variants such as number of canals, curvature and root configuration were studied. Later, mesio-buccal and mesial roots were cut and embedded in resin and sectioned with a diamond disc, five serial horizontal sections were made perpendicular to the root long axis. These were stained with crystal violet and examined under stereomicroscope in order to determine the presence of isthmuses and their classification. Results showed a high incidence of isthmus associated with roots of flattened configuration. The closer to the apex, the lower the incidence of isthmus observed in both in the upper and lower roots; the isthmus were most frequently found at 7 mm from the apex, the type of isthmus found more frequently was type II in both types of root.


Subject(s)
Humans , Molar/anatomy & histology , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology
19.
Braz. dent. j ; 28(5): 597-603, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888687

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological features of 70 single-rooted mandibular first premolars with radicular grooves (RG) using micro-CT technology. Teeth were scanned and evaluated regarding the morphology of the roots and root canals as well as length, depth and percentage frequency location of the RG. Volume, surface area and Structure Model Index (SMI) of the canals were measured for the full root length. Two-dimensional parameters and frequency of canal orifices were evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 mm levels from the apical foramen. The number of accessory canals, the dentinal thickness, and cross-sectional appearance of the canal at different root levels were also recorded. Expression of deep grooves was observed in 21.42% of the sample. Mean lengths of root and RG were 13.43 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, while depth of the RG ranged from 0.75 to 1.13 mm. Mean canal volume, surface area and SMI were 10.78 mm3, 58.51 mm2, and 2.84, respectively. Apical delta was present in 4.35% of the sample and accessory canals were observed mostly at the middle and apical thirds. Two-dimensional parameters indicated an oval-shaped cross-sectional appearance of the root canal with a high percentage frequency of canal divisions (87.15%). Canal configuration type V (58.57%) was the most prevalent. C-shaped configuration was observed in 13 premolars (18.57%), whereas dentinal thickness ranged from 1.0 to 1.31 mm. Radicular grooves in mandibular first premolars was associated with the occurrence of several anatomical complexities, including C-shaped canals and divisions of the main root canal.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a morfologia de 70 pré-molares inferiores com depressões radiculares (DR) usando a microtomografia. Os dentes foram escaneados e avaliados quanto à morfologia das raízes e canais radiculares, bem como o comprimento, profundidade, frequência e localização das DR. O volume, a área de superfície e o Structure Model Index (SMI) dos canais foram mensurados no comprimento total da raiz. Parâmetros bidimensionais e orifícios do canal foram avaliados a 1, 2 e 3 mm do forame apical. O número de canais acessórios, a espessura dentinária e a aparência transversal do canal em diferentes níveis de raiz também foram registrados. A expressão de sulcos profundos foi observada em 21,42% da amostra. Os comprimentos médios de raiz e DR foram de 13,43 mm e 8,5 mm, respectivamente, enquanto a profundidade das DR variou de 0,75 a 1,13 mm. O volume médio do canal, a área superficial e o SMI foram de 10,78 mm3, 58,51 mm2 e 2,84, respectivamente. O delta apical estava presente em 4,35% da amostra e os canais acessórios foram observados principalmente nos terços médio e apical. Os parâmetros bidimensionais indicaram canais radiculares com secção oval e alta frequência de divisões canal principal (87,15%). A configuração Tipo V do canal radicular foi a mais prevalente (58,57%). A presença de canais em forma de C foi observada em 13 pré-molares (18,57%), enquanto a espessura dentinária variou de 1,0 a 1,31 mm. Os sulcos radiculares nos primeiros pré-molares inferiores foram associados à ocorrência de várias complexidades anatômicas, incluindo canais em forma de C e múltiplas divisões do canal principal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bicuspid/anatomy & histology , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , X-Ray Microtomography/methods , Mandible
20.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(2): 459-464, June 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893004

ABSTRACT

Knowledge on internal dental morphology is extremely important to the correct execution of the treatment and modeling of root canals. The aim of the present study was to analyze, "in vitro", the configuration of the canal system in the mesial root of 180 maxillary first molars obtained from a Brazilian sample. The teeth diaphanized in order to confirm the presence of the MB2 canal and to determine the internal anatomy. Only in 41 % of the teeth the orifice of MB2 canal emerged from the pulp chamber floor. Among teeth two apical foramina were found in 23.3 %, a single apical foramen was observed in 15,5 % and three apical foramina were present in 2,2 %. Considering the hole sample, the MB2 canal was observed in 65.4 %, merged with the MB1 or branching from the MB1 or even independent all the way. In 55.1 % of the teeth a single orifice stemmed from the pulp chamber floor. A single apical foramen was found in 43,5 % of these cases, two apical foramina were present in approximately 12 % and apical delta was found in 0,5 % of the specimens. Three orifices which emerged from the pulpal floor were observed in 1.1 % of the sample. Paths considered very atypical were observed at 2.8 % of the teeth. The MB root canal anatomy was complex. The frequency of occurrence of the bifurcated or double canal, isthmus, accessory canals and apical delta must be taken into consideration as a possible cause of otherwise unexplained failure during endodontic treatment of first maxillary molars.


El conocimiento de la morfología dental interna es muy importante para la correcta ejecución del tratamiento de conductos radiculares. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar "in vitro", la configuración del sistema de canales en la raíz mesiobucal del 180 primeros molares maxilares obtenidos de una muestra brasileña. Mediante el uso de la diafanización de los dientes se confirmó la presencia del canal MB2 y su anatomía interna. Solamente 41 % de los dientes el canales MB2 emergió desde el piso de la cámara pulpar. De estos dientes fueron encontrados dos forámenes apicales en 23,3 %, un solo foramen apical en 15,5 % y tres forámenes apicales estaban presentes en el 2,2 %. Teniendo en cuenta la totalidad de la muestra, 65,4 % presentaron el MB2; que se fusionó con el MB1, a veces se observó como una rama de este canal, o sigue siendo independiente hasta el final. En 55,1 % de los dientes un solo foramen provenía del piso de la cámara pulpar. Un solo foramen apical se encontró en 43,5 % de estos casos, dos forámenes apicales estaban presentes en aproximadamente el 12 % y el delta apical se encontró en 0,5 % de los especímenes. Tres canal a partir del piso pulpar se observaron en 1,1 % de la muestra. Caminos considerados muy atípicos se observaron a 2,8 % de los dientes. La morfología del sistema de canales radiculares en la raíz MB de los primeros molares maxilares es compleja y variable. La alta frecuencia de canal MB2, bien como la presencia del canal bifurcado o doble, istmo, conductos accesorios y delta apical deben tenerse en cuenta como posible causa de la falla de otro modo inexplicable durante el tratamiento endodóntico de los primeros molares maxilares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Molar/anatomy & histology , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology
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